{"id":2186,"date":"2014-09-16T19:05:40","date_gmt":"2014-09-16T17:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/?p=2186"},"modified":"2016-12-23T01:02:38","modified_gmt":"2016-12-23T00:02:38","slug":"ilkokul-ogrencileri-icin-500-yillik-gelenek-amin-alaylari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/ilkokul-ogrencileri-icin-500-yillik-gelenek-amin-alaylari\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lkokul o\u011frencileri i\u00e7in 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k gelenek “Amin alaylari”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da e\u011fitime yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in Amin Alaylar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenirdi. Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zenginliklerinden biri olan Amin Alaylar\u0131, mektebe yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okul korkusunu giderme, \u00e7ocuklara okuma iste\u011fini a\u015f\u0131lama ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla kayna\u015ft\u0131rma gibi \u00f6nemli pedagojik faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde \u00e7ocuklar olgunla\u015fma durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 4 ila 7 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda S\u0131byan Mektebinde ilk e\u011fitimlerine ba\u015flard\u0131. Bu okullar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, camilere biti\u015fik olarak in\u015fa edilirdi. Bu mekteplerde e\u011fitime ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019dan 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli merasimler d\u00fczenlenmekteydi. Bu merasimlerin en \u00f6nemlisi ise Amin Alaylar\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Amin Alaylar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Kuran ve ahlak bilgilerinin \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fi ilk mektebe ba\u015flarken d\u00fczenlenen merasime denirdi. \u00c7ocuk genelde 4 y\u0131l 4 ay 4 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olunca ilk e\u011fitimi olan Kuran \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flard\u0131. Merasim ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla kandil g\u00fcnlerine denk getirilir, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazsa Pazartesi veya Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.
\nBir bayram havas\u0131 ve heyecan\u0131 i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan bu mektebe ba\u015flama merasimine mutlaka temizlikle ba\u015flan\u0131r, evin her taraf\u0131 silinip s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu fas\u0131l bittikten sonra anne, b\u00fcy\u00fckanne, s\u00fctanne, k\u0131saca evin b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar\u0131 c\u00fcmb\u00fcr cemaat \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya gider, okula ba\u015flayacak \u00e7ocuk ve mahallenin fakir \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amin Alay\u0131 yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn aile hava ayd\u0131nlanmadan kalkar, sabah namaz\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ocuklara yeni elbiseleri giydirilerek, \u00fcst\u00fc ba\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccevherat veya par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015flarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu halde hep birlikte faytonlara binilip, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Ey\u00fcp Sultan Camii\u2019ne ziyarete gidilir ve burada dua edilirdi.<\/p>\n

AM\u0130NLER VE \u0130LAH\u0130LER E\u015eL\u0130\u011e\u0130NDE \u0130LK E\u011e\u0130T\u0130ME HAZIRLIK<\/p>\n

Eve d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra, mektep \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilahiler ve kasideler e\u015fli\u011finde gelirdi. Mektebe ba\u015flayacak olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun evinin \u00f6n\u00fc, ge\u00e7ece\u011fi yollar, kalabal\u0131ktan ge\u00e7ilmez bir hale gelir, sokaklar bayram havas\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu merasimde bulunman\u0131n manevi m\u00fckafat\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Boynuna i\u015flemeli Kuran c\u00fcz kesesi as\u0131lan \u00e7ocuk evinin kap\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda ilahiler okunmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r ve ilahilerin uygun yerlerinde alayda haz\u0131r bulunan \u00e7ocuklar da \u201c\u00c2min! Amin!\u201d diye e\u015flik ederdi.
\n\u0130lahi sona erince mahallenin hocas\u0131 duaya ba\u015flar, \u00e7evrede bulunanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hu\u015fu i\u00e7inde, oturarak duay\u0131 sessizce dinlerdi. Duadan sonra, ilahiler okunmaya ba\u015flan\u0131r, amin nidalar\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada mahallenin bek\u00e7isi, \u00e7ocu\u011fu evin \u00f6n\u00fcnde kendisini bekleyen midilliye bindirir ve
\nT\u00f6vbe edelim zenbimize (g\u00fcnahlar\u0131m\u0131za)
\nT\u00f6vbe illallah, ya Allah
\nL\u00fctfunla bize merhamet eyle
\nAman Allah, ya Allah
\ndendikten sonra, onlara \u201cAmin, amin\u201d diye e\u015flik edilirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk s\u00fcslenmi\u015f ata bindirildikten sonra, Amin Alay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flard\u0131. Alay\u0131n en \u00f6n\u00fcnde, atlas yast\u0131k \u00fczerinde s\u0131rmal\u0131 c\u00fcz kesesiyle elifba ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Hemen arkas\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ise Kuran Rahlesini ba\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne kadar kald\u0131r\u0131larak bu halde ta\u015f\u0131yarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu iki ki\u015fiyi ata binmi\u015f \u00e7ocuk takip eder, arkas\u0131ndan da mektep hocas\u0131, hocan\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, ilahiciler ve aminciler gelirdi.<\/p>\n

\"amin2-233x300\"<\/p>\n

E\u011e\u0130T\u0130ME BA\u015eLAMADAN OKUNAN \u0130LK DUA<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk okuldan i\u00e7eri ad\u0131m at\u0131nca burada Osmanl\u0131 Padi\u015fah\u0131\u2019na dua edilir ve mektep g\u00fclbank\u0131 okunurdu. G\u00fclbank\u2019\u0131 m\u00fcteakip dua edilir ve nihayet \u00e7ocu\u011fun ellerinden tutularak hocan\u0131n huzuruna \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7ocuk da hocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne oturur ve elini \u00f6perdi. Bundan sonra hocaefendi Euzu Besmele \u00e7eker ve \u201cYa Rabbi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r, g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirme. Ya Rabbi! Tedrisimi hay\u0131rla itmam eyle! (E\u011fitimimi hay\u0131rla tamamla)\u201d mealindeki \u201cRabbi yessir velat\u00fcassir. Rabbi tammim bilhayr.\u201d duas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fa okutur ve sonra ilk ders olan \u201celif\u201d harfi ile e\u011fitim ba\u015flard\u0131. Hoca \u00e7ocu\u011fa da tekrar ettirdikten sonra; \u201cAferin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dersimiz bu kadar!\u201d derdi.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 e\u011fitimi Osmanl\u0131 \u015eehzadeleri de al\u0131r ve onlar i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen merasime padi\u015fah ile devlet ricali de kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m efendi, \u015fehz\u00e2deye harfleri ba\u015ftan sona kadar okutur ve dua ederdi. \u015eehzadenin e\u011fitimi, tayin olunan hocas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra da merasim sona ererdi.<\/p>\n

Mahalle mekteplerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn masraflar\u0131, mahalle halk\u0131 ve hay\u0131rseverler taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca okulun \u0131s\u0131nma ve di\u011fer giderlerini de aileler kar\u015f\u0131lard\u0131. Mahalle mekteplerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da padi\u015fahlar, \u00fcst kademe devlet y\u00f6neticileri ve hay\u0131r sahipleri taraf\u0131ndan, cami, medrese, imaret ve \u00e7e\u015fmelerden olu\u015fan komplekslerin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlard\u0131. Bir vak\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen bu komplekslerde, fakir \u00f6\u011frencilerin yemek, har\u00e7l\u0131k ve giysileri de temin edilirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7OCUKLARA \u0130LK OLARAK \u0130SLAM\u0130 TERB\u0130YE VER\u0130L\u0130RD\u0130<\/p>\n

Mektep talebeleri ilkbaharda, mahalle halk\u0131 ile birlikte pikni\u011fe giderlerdi. Mesirede kazanlar kaynat\u0131l\u0131r, etli pilavlar, bademli s\u00fctl\u00fc helvalar pi\u015firilir, misafirlere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Talebe Kuran\u2019da belli bir seviyeye geldi\u011finde, hocas\u0131n\u0131n elini \u00f6pt\u00fckten sonra hocan\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biriyle evine giderdi. Evde b\u00fcy\u00fckleri olan dede veya ninesinin elini \u00f6perek e\u011fitiminin belli bir seviyeye geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frencinin ailesi de, durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, hocan\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na bir hediye verirdi. Bir \u00f6\u011frencinin mahalle mektebini bitirmesi, onun hatim indirmesi, yani Kuran\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumas\u0131yla olurdu. E\u011fitim iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrerdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frencilerin hatim yapmalar\u0131ndan sonra da bir t\u00f6ren yap\u0131l\u0131r, \u00f6\u011frenci ailesi taraf\u0131ndan ziyafet haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Mahalle mektebini bitirenler, kabiliyetli iseler, medreseye giderlerdi; yetene\u011fi veya durumu uygun olmayan da, bir sanat \u00f6\u011frenirdi.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zenginliklerinden biri olan Amin Alaylar\u0131, mektebe yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okul korkusunu giderme, \u00e7ocuklara okuma iste\u011fini a\u015f\u0131lama ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla kayna\u015ft\u0131rma gibi \u00f6nemli pedagojik faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan bu merasimlerin \u00e7ocuklarda okuma, anne ve babalarda ise, okutma arzusunu tetikledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bu t\u00f6renler sayesinde \u00e7ocuk, aile i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu gibi, cemiyette de yeni bir stat\u00fc kazan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu merasimlere verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck ehemmiyet, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee terbiye anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mektebe ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlere verilen de\u011feri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Osmanl\u0131\u2019da e\u011fitime yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in Amin Alaylar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenirdi. Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zenginliklerinden biri olan Amin Alaylar\u0131, mektebe yeni ba\u015flayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n okul korkusunu giderme, \u00e7ocuklara okuma iste\u011fini a\u015f\u0131lama ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla kayna\u015ft\u0131rma gibi \u00f6nemli pedagojik faydalar\u0131 vard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde \u00e7ocuklar olgunla\u015fma durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 4 ila 7 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda S\u0131byan Mektebinde ilk e\u011fitimlerine ba\u015flard\u0131. Bu okullar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,4],"tags":[1061,897],"class_list":["post-2186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-21","category-kultur","tag-egitim","tag-osmanli"],"views":601,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2186"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7369,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2186\/revisions\/7369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}