![\"\"](\"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/kosova.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Kosova, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n en yeni \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir yere sahiptir. Tarihi siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lge imparatorluklardan \u00e7ok fazla etkilenmi\u015f olan Kosova, b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm renklerini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu \u00fclkenin co\u011frafi soysa-ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri konusunda bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Kosova tarihi, Yugoslavya d\u00f6nemi, Kosova sava\u015f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeye yap\u0131lan Uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fcdahaleye yer verilmi\u015ftir. Son b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k s\u00fcreci, b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin ve uluslararas\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 tav\u0131r ve politikalar\u0131na yer verilmi\u015ftir. Herkesim taraf\u0131ndan bilinen \u00f6nemi itibariyle balkanlar, daima ilgi konusu olmu\u015ftur. Bu sebep dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclke co\u011frafi olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckte olsa hegemon g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman ilgi uyand\u0131rabilecek bir konuma sahiptir. Rusya, balkanlarda ABD yi istememekte ve enerji koridorunun emniyete al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi politikalar izlemektedir.Di\u011fer taraftan ABD, Kosova sayesinde b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ferek enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131 tutabilecek konuma y\u00fckselebilme politikalar\u0131 izlemektedir.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken edindi\u011fim bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan fikir ise, b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131 sebebiyle herkesin burada olmak istemesi ve buradaki pastadan pay almak i\u00e7in Kosova \u00fczerinden siyaset g\u00fctmektedirler. \u0130ster Rusya, ister ABD, ister AB olsun yada b\u00f6lgedeki akt\u00f6rler olsun Kosova\u2019y\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1. KOSOVA\u2019NIN TANITILMASI<\/p>\n 1.1.Kosova\u2019n\u0131n Co\u011frafi Konumu<\/strong> 1.2. Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumu<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2018B\u00f6lgenin en fakir evi\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Kosova, iktisadi a\u00e7\u0131dan durumu iyi de\u011fildir. N\u00fcfusun kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131, tar\u0131m\u0131n geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve %50\u2019lere varan i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin temel ekonomik \u00f6zelliklerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Zengin maden kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ge\u00e7im konusunda ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. (YILMAZ 2005, 14)<\/p>\n 1.3. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Dini Ya\u015fam<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu co\u011frafyadaki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131llar\u0131na kadar dayand\u0131ran Arnavutlar bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde Roma, Slav ve Osmanl\u0131 imparatorluklar\u0131n etkisi alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flar\u0131dr. Bu etki kendi din ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilerinin belirleyici unsurlar\u0131 halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 9.y.y. d\u00f6nemlerinde misyonerler b\u00f6lgede etkilerini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, kuzey b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Arnavutlar Katolikle\u015fmi\u015f, g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Arnavutlar ise Ortodoks etkisinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2. KOSOVA TAR\u0130H\u0130 VE BA\u011eIMSIZLIK S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n 2.1. Kosova Tarihi 14.y.y. gelindi\u011finde Kosova tarihini art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131lar yazmaya ba\u015flam\u015flard\u0131r. 28 Haziran 1389 tarihinde Kosova Sava\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Sultan I. Murad H\u00fcvanvendigar bu topraklar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendiside bu sava\u015f esnas\u0131nda \u015fehit olmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihten itibaren b\u00f6lgeye Arnavutlar ve T\u00fcrkler yerle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve n\u00fcfus Arnavutlar\u0131n lehine geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bununla beraber \u0130slamla\u015fmak Arnavutlar\u0131nda i\u015fine gelmi\u015f Slavla\u015fmaktan ziyade \u0130slamla\u015fmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lgede daha etkin olma ve n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7abuk artt\u0131rma imkan\u0131n\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 30-32) Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme ad\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iskan politikalar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Anadolu ailelerini bu b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve \u00f6zellikle Kayseri, Sivas Akhisar ve Tokat gibi \u015fehirlerden g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015ftir. (S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU 2009, 21)<\/p>\n 19 y.y. gelindi\u011finde Osmanl\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki hakimiyetini kaybetmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f 1878 Ayastefanos anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Berlin konferans\u0131yla Kosova, S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihlerde b\u00f6lgede Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketleri ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 1829\u2019da Yunanistan, 1878 \u2018de Romanya, Karada\u011f ve S\u0131rbistan, 1908\u2019de Bulgaristan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015flerdir. (YILMAZ 2005, 33)<\/p>\n Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde S\u0131rplar, Kosova b\u00f6lgesini elde etmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 22 Ekim 1912 tarihinde Kosova\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015flerdir. Neticede 30 May\u0131s 1913 tarihinde Londra anla\u015fmas\u0131yla Kosova, S\u0131rbistan\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 28) B\u00f6lge S\u0131rplar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7ince \u00e7o\u011funlukta olan Arnavut halk\u0131na asimilasyon uygulamaya, N\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in S\u0131rplar\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye ta\u015f\u0131maya ve yerli halk\u0131 zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirmek gibi politikalar uygulamaya konulmu\u015ftur. (BALLA 2008, 3)<\/p>\n 2.1.2. Yugoslavya Sonras\u0131 D\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/p>\n I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise Kosova b\u00f6lgesi Avusturya-Macaristan i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f fakat bu \u00fclke sava\u015f\u0131 kaybedince topraklar yine S\u0131rbistan kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu tarihten itibaren Kosova\u2019y\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge haline getirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde S\u0131rp-Sloven-H\u0131rvat Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamen S\u0131rplar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 1929 tarihinde diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nem \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015f, I.Yugoslavya olarak an\u0131lan bu \u00fclke 1941 tarihinde tekrar par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 34-36)<\/p>\n II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Kom\u00fcnist Parti y\u00f6netimi iktidara gelmi\u015f ve 29 Kas\u0131m 1945 tarihinde cumhuriyeti ilan etmi\u015ftir. Tito\u2019da cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Tito b\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek yeni bir \u00fclke olu\u015fturma idealine sahip bir lider olarak Yugoslavya Federasyon\u2019unu kurmu\u015ftur. II.Yugoslavya diye bilinen bu cumhuriyet alt\u0131 kurucu cumhuriyetten meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bunlar; S\u0131rbistan, H\u0131rvatistan, Slovenya, Makedonya, Karada\u011f ve Bosna-Hersek ve iki \u00f6zerk vilayet olan Voyvodina ve Kosova \u2018d\u0131r. Tito 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kanunla Kosova\u2019y\u0131 ve Voyvodina\u2019y\u0131 S\u0131rbistan\u2019a ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 37-39)<\/p>\n 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yugoslavya Anayas\u0131s\u0131n da yap\u0131lan bir de\u011fi\u015fikle Kosova Direk olarak Belgrad y\u00f6netimine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve daha \u00f6nce verilmi\u015f olan \u00f6zerklik yetkileri ellerinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikten hi\u00e7te ho\u015fnut olmayan Kosova halk\u0131 art\u0131k sesini daha g\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n da deste\u011fini alarak kendilerine de cumhuriyet stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmesini talep etmi\u015flerdir. Bu ayaklanmaya kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalamayan Tito y\u00f6netimi 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda Anayasada de\u011fi\u015fiklik yaparak Kosova ve Voyvodina\u2019ya federal yap\u0131daki cumhuriyetler gibi temsil ve oy hakk\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Bu haklar aras\u0131nda kendi parlamentosunu kurabilme, kendi ordu ve polis te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 kurabilme, kendi anayasas\u0131n\u0131 yapabilme gibi haklar yer alm\u0131\u015f fakat t\u00fcm bunlar verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n cumhuriyet stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmemi\u015ftir. (YILMAZ 2005, 40)<\/p>\n 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tito\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan Kosoval\u0131 Arnavutlar Kosova\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeden federe cumhuriyete \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterilere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belgrad y\u00f6netimi bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yugoslavya Devlet Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilen Slobodan Milosevi\u00e7 Kosova\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerklik stat\u00fcs\u00fcne son vermi\u015f anayasada yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle Arnavutlara ve T\u00fcrklere \u2018az\u0131nl\u0131k\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir. (YAVUZ 2008, 10) Art\u0131k Yugoslavya Sosyalist Federal Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin y\u00f6netimi bir anlamda S\u0131rplar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u2013 \u00dclkeyi demir yumrukla y\u00f6netse de Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n mayas\u0131 konumunda olan Josip B.Tito\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Kosoval\u0131 Arnavutlar 28 Aral\u0131k 1989 tarihinde, \u0130brahim Rugova liderli\u011finde ilk siyasi partileri olan Kosova Demokratik Birli\u011fi (LDK) \u2018y\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. Rugova\u2019n\u0131n bu partisi ba\u015flarda pasif direni\u015f say\u0131lacak politikalar izlemi\u015f problemleri uluslar aras\u0131 platformlara ta\u015f\u0131yarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015ftir. (Y\u00dcR\u00dcR 2008, 25) 1992 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Yugoslavya Federal Cumhuriyetinden Bosna- Hersek, Slovenya, H\u0131rvatistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonra S\u0131rbistan ve Karada\u011f kendi aralar\u0131nda yeni bir Yugoslavya Cumhuriyeti kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu kurulma esnas\u0131nda Kosova ve Voyvodina\u2019da bu cumhuriyetler i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge olarak yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (TANG\u00d6R 2008, 97)<\/p>\n 2.2. Sava\u015f ve Uluslararas\u0131 M\u00fcdahale<\/strong><\/p>\n Tabi ki bu ayr\u0131l\u0131klar kolay olmam\u0131\u015f S\u0131rbistan ve Bosna-Hersek 1995 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kendi aralar\u0131nda sava\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat Bosna-Hersek Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 sona erdiren Dayton Bar\u0131\u015f Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019nda Kosova sorunundan bahsedilmemesi sonucu hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fayan Arnavutlar aras\u0131nda giderek daha fazla say\u0131da grup bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 direni\u015fin i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1996\u2019da S\u0131rp g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve Arnavut i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lara ba\u015flayan Kosova Kurtulu\u015f Ordusu (Ushtria \u00c7lirimtare e Kosov\u00ebs-U\u00c7K) ilk kez S\u0131rplar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen bir Arnavut \u00f6\u011fretmenin Aral\u0131k 1997\u2019deki cenaze t\u00f6reni s\u0131ras\u0131nda kamuoyunun \u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Milo\u015fevi\u00e7 y\u00f6netiminin bu sald\u0131r\u0131lara tepkisi ise sivil-milis ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmadan t\u00fcm Arnavutlara y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar \u015feklinde olmu\u015ftur. (CO\u015eKUN 2010, 58) 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ortam iyice gerginle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Arnavutlar\u2019\u0131n 22 Mart\u2019ta parlamento se\u00e7imleri yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurmalar\u0131 S\u0131rplar i\u00e7in barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla olmu\u015f S\u0131rp polisi ve askerleri 28 \u015eubat 1998 tarihinde Drenice kasabas\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir. (Fatma TA\u015eDEM\u0130R 2009, 147) U\u00c7K\u2019n\u0131n eylemleri ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki Kosova Parlamentosu Temmuz 1998\u2019de U\u00c7K\u2019n\u0131n silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini resmi olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. (KARAKO\u00c7 2006, 229)<\/p>\n Dayton anla\u015fmas\u0131nda sonra b\u00f6lgede s\u00fckunetin tekrar bozulmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duyan d\u00fcnya devletleri b\u00f6lgeyle ilgilenmek i\u00e7in tekrar harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6lgede ikinci bir Bosna facias\u0131 ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen ABD, Avrupal\u0131 be\u015f devlet ve Rusya, S\u0131rp h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kuvvet kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 protesto ederek bu \u00fclkeye silah ambargosu uygulanmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Fatma TA\u015eDEM\u0130R 2009, 147) ABD ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin Kosova\u2019da taraflar aras\u0131 bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimlerin sonu\u00e7suz kalmas\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u015fiddetlenmesi \u00fczerine, 5 Haziran 1998\u2019de Arnavut lider \u0130brahim Rugova S\u0131rp asker ve polislerinin Kosova\u2019dan \u00e7ekilene kadar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin yo\u011fun diplomatik \u00e7abalar\u0131 sonucunda Milo\u015fevi\u00e7 anla\u015fmaya raz\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Milo\u015fevi\u00e7 ile BM temsilcisi Richard Hoolbroke aras\u0131nda 12 Ekim 1998 tarihinde imzalanan anla\u015fma gere\u011fince, Kosova\u2019daki Yugoslav asker ve polis say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n eski seviyeye indirilmesi, birliklerin geri \u00e7ekili\u015fini g\u00f6zlemlemek \u00fczere 2000 ki\u015filik bir heyetin b\u00f6lgede konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak 18 Ocak 1999 tarihinde Pri\u015ftina\u2019n\u0131n Racak k\u00f6y\u00fcnde S\u0131rp askerlerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131 neticesinde 45 sivil hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesiyle anla\u015fma bozulmu\u015ftur. (YILMAZ 2005, 50)<\/p>\n 5 \u015eubat 1999 \u2018da Rambouillet\u2019te taraflar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen iki turlu bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri, S\u0131rp taraf\u0131n\u0131n uzla\u015fmaz tutumu nedeniyle ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine NATO harekat emri vermi\u015f ve 24 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc Yugoslavya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik hava harekat\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hava harekat\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Yugoslavya y\u00f6netiminin kritik noktalar\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan NATO operasyonuna S\u0131rplar, Arnavutlara y\u00f6nelik etnik temizlik operasyonunu h\u0131zland\u0131rarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermi\u015ftir. Neticede kara harekat\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f bundan \u00e7ekinen Belgrad y\u00f6netimi 9 Haziran 1999 tarihinde bar\u0131\u015f anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 imzalamay\u0131 kabul etti. Bu anla\u015fmada Rambouillet g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 50)<\/p>\n Rambouillet g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri i\u00e7erik olarak Kosova\u2019y\u0131 adeta bir koloni y\u00f6netimine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u0131rp askeri ve polisi b\u00f6lgeden derhal \u00e7ekilecek, b\u00f6lge BM taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilecek sivil ve askeri bir milletleraras\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lacak, Kosova\u2019da BM g\u00fcvenlik konseyi karar\u0131 akabinde hemen normal hayata ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flanacak, KKO (Kosova Kurtulu\u015f Ordusu) silahs\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lacak 1244 karar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek fakat hemen hemen hi\u00e7bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kalmayacakt\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 59)<\/p>\n 2.3.BM, UNMIK, NATO ve KFOR Faaliyetleri ve Etki Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n NATO\u2019nun bu harekattaki amac\u0131 siyasi olarak Milo\u015fevi\u00e7\u2019i bar\u0131\u015fa raz\u0131 etmek, askeri hedefleri ise S\u0131rplar\u0131n etnik temizlik hareketine son vermek, askeri ve ekonomik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini y\u0131pratmak, komuta-kontrol, haberle\u015fme , ula\u015f\u0131m sistemlerini felce u\u011fratmak ve moral \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc yaratmak suretiyle siyasi hedeflerin ele ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flamak olmu\u015ftur. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 37)<\/p>\n Bu harekat, sava\u015f\u0131n \u2018kara harekat\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n\u2019 kazanabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren ilk hava harekat\u0131 olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrk sava\u015f u\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu 912 NATO u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, 37500 sorti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 38) Makedonya\u2019n\u0131n Kumanova \u015fehrinde NATO ordusu, YSFC ordusu ve S\u0131rbistan \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri bakanlar\u0131 temsilcileri aras\u0131nda al\u0131nan kararla S\u0131rbistan kuvvetleri en ge\u00e7 11 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Kosova\u2019y\u0131 terk etme karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BM g\u00fcvenlik Konseyinin 1244 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda KFOR( Kosova G\u00fcc\u00fc) ve UNMIK ( Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Kosova Misyonu ) Kosova y\u00f6netimini ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU 2009, 128) BM \u2018in 1244 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 neticesinde olu\u015fturulan UNM\u0130K\u2019i \u015fu faaliyetler i\u00e7in olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. (TANG\u00d6R 2008, 127) UNMIK\u2019in gelecekteki misyonu da \u015fu \u015fekilde planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik konseyinden yeni bir karar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revlerini BM, sivil personel b\u00fcrosuna 120 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde devredecektir. UNMIK \u015fimdiye kadar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revleri ve \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki Kosova\u2019daki kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sivillere devredecek ve UNMIK feshedilecektir. BM bundan sonra UNMIK g\u00f6revlerini yapmayacak, bu g\u00f6revleri Kosova y\u00f6neticileri sahiplenecektir. (BALLA 2008, 31) KFOR 12 Haziran 1999 tarihinde BM himayesinde b\u00f6lgeye girmi\u015ftir. Genel hatlar\u0131yla g\u00f6revleri \u015funlard\u0131r: Kosova\u2019da g\u00fcvenli bir ortam olu\u015fturmak ve bu ortam\u0131n s\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamak, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya son veren anla\u015fmalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek, izlemek ve gerekirse uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanmak, UNMIK faaliyetlerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r. (TANG\u00d6R 2008, 131)<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar dahilinde BM rol\u00fc ise \u015f\u00f6yledir; G\u00fcvenlik Konseyinden \u00e7\u0131kan karar ve yap\u0131lan anla\u015fmalar\u0131n Kosova taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmesi i\u00e7in bir Garant\u00f6r olmas\u0131d\u0131r. (BALLA 2008, 28-29)<\/p>\n 3. KOSOVA\u2019DA S\u0130YASAL S\u0130STEM\u0130N KURULMASI VE 3.1.Se\u00e7imler ve Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n 2001 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde normalle\u015fme \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde Kosova\u2019da genel se\u00e7im yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ilk ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen demokratik se\u00e7imde Rugova\u2019n\u0131n partisi LDK (Kosova Demokratik Birli\u011fi) kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eubat 2002\u2019de Rugova, Kosova cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, Bayram Recebi ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine getirilmi\u015ftir. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 40) Kosova Meclisi milletvekilleri, art\u0131k \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak liderleri se\u00e7mi\u015f 10 Ocak 2008\u2019de Kas\u0131m 2007 se\u00e7imlerinin galibi Kosova Demokrat Partisi (PDK) lideri Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i\u2019yi ba\u015fbakan olarak cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ise tekrar Fatmir Seydiu se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu sanc\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7ler neticesinde 2 milyonluk Kosova 17 \u015eubat 2008\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatmir Seydiu, Ba\u015fbakan ise Ha\u015fim Ta\u00e7i\u2019dir. Ta\u00e7i; Kosova Kurtulu\u015f Ordusunun esi komutanlar\u0131ndan olup Arnavutlar\u0131n S\u0131rbistan\u2019dan kopma m\u00fccadelesinin k\u00f6kl\u00fc isimlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk tan\u0131yan \u00fclkeler ise Kosta Rika ve Afganistan daha sonra ABD ve T\u00fcrkiye olmu\u015ftur. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 44)Kosova\u2019n\u0131n hukuki altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 9 Nisan 2008 tarihinde anayasa kabul edilmi\u015f; Kosova, \u2018Arnavut\u00e7a ve S\u0131rp\u00e7a olmak \u00fczere iki resmi dile sahip parlamenter bir cumhuriyet\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 47)<\/p>\n 3.2.Uluslararas\u0131 Akt\u00f6rlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Konusuna Yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Rus d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131na y\u00f6n veren isimlerden olan E.Pirimakov Kosova\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k verilmemesi i\u00e7in \u015fu 3 nedeni s\u0131ralamaktad\u0131r. (BALLA 2008, 40) ABD Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131 s\u00fcresince belki de en \u00e7ok deste\u011fi veren \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. Sebeplerin ba\u015f\u0131nda ise Balkanlar\u2019da Washington\u2019un kontrol\u00fcnde olu\u015facak yeni bir \u2018m\u00fcttefik \u00fclke \u2018 olu\u015fturma \u00e7abas\u0131 gelmektedir. Bu da \u015fu demektir; art\u0131k ABD\u2019nin Balkan b\u00f6lgesinde de bir \u00fcss\u00fc, bir liman\u0131 ve kendine \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda y\u00f6nlendirebilece\u011fi bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Di\u011fer bir sebep ise do\u011fudan bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve ileridede in\u015fa edilmesi planlanan enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeden ge\u00e7mesi ayr\u0131ca ABD\u2019nin bu b\u00f6lgede ilgisini artt\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. (Y\u00dcR\u00dcR 2008, 27)<\/p>\n AB penceresinden konuyu ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise tam bir mutabakat sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc AB siyasi karar al\u0131rken bir birlik olarak de\u011fil her \u00fclke ferdi olarak karar almaktad\u0131r. Bu da ortak bir tav\u0131r sergileme sorununu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak, \u0130spanya, K\u0131br\u0131s Rum Kesimi, Yunanistan, Romanya gibi \u00fclkeler halen Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Sebeplerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise kendi topraklar\u0131nda bu ve buna benzer sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi ihtimalini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak tan\u0131mamaktad\u0131rlar. (Y\u00dcR\u00dcR 2008, 28)<\/p>\n AB\u2019nin \u00f6zellikle Kosova sava\u015f\u0131nda kendini g\u00f6sterir \u015fekilde harekatta \u00f6n saflarda yer almas\u0131ndaki ama\u00e7, Bosna sava\u015f\u0131nda kendisine g\u00fcvenen b\u00f6lge insan\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesi ve kaybolan itibar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kazanma \u00e7abalar\u0131 olarak okunabilir. Tabiki bu harekat\u0131 NATO \u015femsiyesin alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. (AYHAN 2008, 31)<\/p>\n AB\u2019nin Kosova\u2019y\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturma iste\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tutumu nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir? \u015e\u00f6yle bir ihtimal ak\u0131lda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde pazarl\u0131klar hep var olan bir olgudur. S\u0131rbistan elbette Kosova\u2019y\u0131 elinde tutmak istemi\u015f ve bunun i\u00e7in gayret g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ancak S\u0131rbistan kuvvetle muhtemel olarak \u015funu da g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ki, Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi \u00e7ok zor bir ger\u00e7ektir. Bunun temel g\u00f6stergeleri olarak, (AYHAN 2008, 34)<\/p>\n \u2013 Kosoval\u0131 Arnavutlar\u0131n S\u0131rbistan ile birle\u015fmeye, onun egemenli\u011fine kalmalar\u0131na kesinlikle kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kosova\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka etken ise KKTC\u2019ne \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil edebilmesidir. Kosova\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de KKTC hususunda elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir. Ayr\u0131ca Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladmir Putin, \u2018Kosova tan\u0131n\u0131yorsa y\u0131llard\u0131r bir devlet olarak bulunan KKTC\u2019ninde devlet olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.\u2019 \u015feklindeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. (Y\u00dcR\u00dcR 2008, 29)<\/p>\n SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n Kosova Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda yer alan balkanlar b\u00f6lgesinde bir devlettir. Tarihi k\u00f6kenleri M.\u00d6. 8.9.y.y.lara kadar ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan bu \u00fclke ilk defa \u0130liryal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. M.S.3.y.y. Bizans ve Roma\u2019n\u0131n etki alan\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. M.S.6. ve 7.y.y. b\u00f6lgeye Slavlar yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 12 ve 14.y.y.aras\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgede hakimiyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.1389 y\u0131l\u0131nda b\u00f6lge Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve 19.y.y. sonu 20.y.y. ba\u015f\u0131na kadar hakimiyetleri devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Balkan sava\u015flar\u0131 ve I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 B\u00f6lgede Yugoslavya Cumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftur. II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 tekrar bir yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcrecine giren b\u00f6lge Tito y\u00f6netiminde yeni bir Yugoslavya Cumhuriyeti kurulmu\u015ftur.Bu yap\u0131lanmalar neticesinde 20.y.y. Kosova b\u00f6lgesi Yugoslavya Soyalist Federal Cumhuriyetinde S\u0131rbistan cumhuriyetine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge olarak yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tito\u2019nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Kosova Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yolunda ad\u0131mlar atmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130lk olarak \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden kurtularak cumhuriyet olma yolunda politikalar izlemi\u015f 1990 y\u0131llar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise art\u0131k tamam\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olma yolunu se\u00e7mi\u015ftir.1996-1997 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren Belgrad y\u00f6netimiyle ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7in sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde BM b\u00f6lgeye m\u00fcdahalesi sonucu Belgrad y\u00f6netiminden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Tam 9 y\u0131l BM ve Uluslararas\u0131 sistem taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Kosova 17 \u015eubat 2008 tarihinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Tabiki b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lge akt\u00f6rleri taraf\u0131ndan ilk ba\u015flarda tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fta Rusya, S\u0131rbistan, Yunanistan ve Romanya \u00fclkeleridir. Halen daha bu \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Fakat Kosova D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Hegemon g\u00fc\u00e7leri olan ABD ve AB\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkelerinin deste\u011fini alarak yoluna devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n Yazar: G\u00fcn TA\u015e<\/p>\n KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n BALLA, Shefqet. Cilt 1, Yeni Bir Kosova\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u015fu i\u00e7inde, yazan Shefqet BALLA. \u0130zmir, \u0130zmir: Zeus Ktapevi, 2008.<\/p>\n CO\u015eKUN, Birg\u00fcl Demirta\u015f. \u00abBirg\u00fcl Demirta\u015f CO\u015eKUN.\u00bb Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler Dergisi 7, no. 27 (2010): 51-56.<\/p>\n Fatma TA\u015eDEM\u0130R, P\u0131nar Y\u00dcR\u00dcR. \u00abKosova Sorunu: Tarihi ve Hukuki Bir De\u011ferlendirme.\u00bb Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi 3, no. 99 (2009): 135-152.<\/p>\n KARAKO\u00c7, J\u00fclide. \u00abABD\u2019nin so\u011fuk Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 Hegemonya \u00c7abalar\u0131 Etkisinde Nato\u2019nun Kosova M\u00fcdahalesi.\u00bb Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi 8, no. 1 (2006): 227-242.<\/p>\n S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU, Bahtiyar. Cilt 1, Tarihi ve Siyasi Y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Kosova i\u00e7inde, yazan Bahtiyar S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU. Prizren, Prizren: Balkan Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Yazarlar\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009.<\/p>\n TANG\u00d6R, Burak. Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik Y\u00f6neti\u015fimi Bosna,Kosova ve Makedonya Krizleri. Cilt 1, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik Y\u00f6neti\u015fimi Bosna,Kosova ve Makedonya Krizleri i\u00e7inde, yazan Burak TANG\u00d6R. Ankara, Ankara: Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2008.<\/p>\n \u00dcNAL, Abidin. Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kosova Tarihi ve T\u00fcrkiye-Kosova \u0130li\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde, yazan Abidin \u00dcnal. Ankara, Ankara: Genelkurmay Askeri Tarih ve Strateji Et\u00fct Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2009.<\/p>\n YAVUZ, Celalettin. \u00ab\u2019Balkanla\u015fan\u2019 Eski Yugoslavya\u2019daki Geli\u015fmeler ve Yeni \u00dclke Kosova.\u00bb 2023, no. 83 (Mart 2008): 4-12.<\/p>\n YILMAZ, Murat. Cilt Step Ajans, KOSOVA Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Yolunda i\u00e7inde, yazan Murat YILMAZ. \u0130stanbul, \u0130stanbul: \u0130lke Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, 2005.<\/p>\n Y\u00dcR\u00dcR, P\u0131nar. \u00abKosova\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k S\u00fcreci,B\u00f6lgesel ve K\u00fcresel Etkileri.\u00bb 2023 (Ay Grup Yay\u0131nlar\u0131), Mart 2008: 24-29.<\/p>\n *Yazarlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri mutlak olarak Prizren Post’un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini temsil etmemektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kosova, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n en yeni \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 bir yere sahiptir. Tarihi siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00f6lge imparatorluklardan \u00e7ok fazla etkilenmi\u015f olan Kosova, b\u00f6lgenin t\u00fcm renklerini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu \u00fclkenin co\u011frafi soysa-ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikleri konusunda bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Kosova tarihi, Yugoslavya d\u00f6nemi, Kosova sava\u015f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[1102,629],"class_list":["post-7578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kose-yazilari","tag-gun-tas","tag-kose-yazilari"],"views":632,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7578"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7582,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7578\/revisions\/7582"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nBalkan co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n en eski halklar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kosova, 10.861 km2\u2019lik bir y\u00fcz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcne ve 2,3 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. Balkanlarda \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahip olan Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti yar\u0131m milyonu ge\u00e7kin n\u00fcfusu ile Pri\u015ftina\u2019d\u0131r. (YILMAZ 2005, 13)Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli \u015fehirleri aras\u0131nda Prizren, Cakova, Ferizay, \u0130pek, Gilan ve Mitrovitsa\u2019d\u0131r. Co\u011frafi konum olarak Kosova, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan, Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Kosova, Kopaonik ve \u015ear sa\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Arnavutluk, Karada\u011f, Makedonya ve S\u0131\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131 hem co\u011frafi hem de stratejik y\u00f6nden birbirine ba\u011flayan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahiptir. (S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU 2009, 11)<\/p>\n
\nOsmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye hakim olmas\u0131ndan sonra b\u00f6lgede \u0130slamla\u015fma hareketleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgede \u00f6zellikle Bekta\u015filik mezhebi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissettirmektedir. (YILMAZ 2005, 23) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde n\u00fcfus\u2019un %76 \u2018s\u0131n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu, H\u0131ristiyan-Katolik dinine mensup olanlar %16, H\u0131ristiyan-Ortodoks dinine mensup olanlar %8 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 10)<\/p>\n
\n2.1.1. Yugoslavya \u00d6ncesi D\u00f6nem<\/strong>
\nArnavutlar\u0131n k\u00f6kenleri incelendi\u011finde M.\u00d6.8. ve 9. y.y.larda Balkan yar\u0131madas\u0131na gelen Hint-Avrupa k\u00f6kenli topluluklardan biri olan \u0130lirlere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. B\u00f6lge olarak kastedilen bug\u00fcnk\u00fc; Arnavutluk, Dalma\u00e7ya, Kosova, Karada\u011f ve Bosna-Hersek b\u00f6lgesi ifade edilmektedir. (YILMAZ 2005, 29)
\nM.\u00d6.3.y.y. gelindi\u011finde b\u00f6lgede Dardanya milleti ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (S\u0130PAH\u0130O\u011eLU 2009, 39) Bu b\u00f6lge M.S. 3 y.y. d\u00f6nemlerinde Bizans y\u00f6netimine girmi\u015ftir. 6. ve 7.y.y. gelindi\u011finde Slav kabilelerinden olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir topluluk b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmi\u015f y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bu b\u00f6lgeyi Slavla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 izlemi\u015flerdir. 12.y.y. da ise b\u00f6lgede S\u0131rp krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015f ve bu krall\u0131k 14.y.y. kadar b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kimiyetini devam ettiri\u015ftir. (\u00dcNAL 2009, 36)<\/p>\n
\nYukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan geli\u015fmelerin temelinde Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 fitilleyen ve sonras\u0131nda da alevlendiren geli\u015fmeler olarak; (AYHAN 2008, 32)<\/p>\n
\n\u2013 S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n H\u0131rvatistan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engellemesi
\n\u2013 S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n Kosova ve Voyvodina\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zerki\u011fini kald\u0131rmas\u0131
\n\u2013 Bunun bir sonucu olarak S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n bu iki birimin yetkilerini de devralmas\u0131 neticesinde Yugoslavya\u2019y\u0131 S\u0131rp egemenli\u011fine sokmas\u0131 say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
\nYugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde Kosoval\u0131 Arnavutlarda bo\u015f durmayarak 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1991\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015flerdir. Bu karar 26-30 Eyl\u00fcl 1991 tarihinde yap\u0131lan bir referandum ile halk\u0131n %87\u2019lik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve %99,87 gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kosoval\u0131 Arnavutlar, bu kararlar do\u011frultusundaki s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde siyasal kurumlar\u0131, e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemleri, vergilendirme, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve spor faaliyetleri ile paralel bir devlet \u2018g\u00f6lge devlet\u2019 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. (YAVUZ 2008, 10)<\/p>\n
\nNATO m\u00fcdahalesinin ard\u0131ndan Kosova uluslararas\u0131 toplum taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131\u015f ve BM Kosova Misyonu (UNMIK) y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z sahibi ve ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fc\u00e7 haline geldi. Her ne kadar BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin 1244 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na g\u00f6re Kosova S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131lsa da, Belgrad\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinde etkisi ve fiili kontrol\u00fc kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (CO\u015eKUN 2010, 66)<\/p>\n
\n\u2013 Temel sivil idare i\u015flevlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek
\n\u2013 Kosova\u2019da tam \u00f6zerkli\u011fin ve \u00f6z y\u00f6netimin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek
\n\u2013 Kosova\u2019n\u0131n gelecekteki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirlenmesi i\u00e7in siyasi s\u00fcreci tesis etmek
\n\u2013 T\u00fcm uluslar aras\u0131 mercilerin insani ve afet yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcmlemek
\n\u2013 \u00d6nemli altyap\u0131 in\u015faatlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek
\n\u2013 Sivil hukuk ve d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamak
\n\u2013 \u0130nsani haklar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek<\/p>\n
\nNATO\u2019nun Kosova\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya ili\u015fkin ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir; t\u00fcm askeri harekat\u0131n kesin olarak durdurulmas\u0131, \u015fiddet ve bask\u0131n\u0131n bir an \u00f6nce sona ermesi, Kosova\u2019dan askeri, polis kuvvetlerinin \u00e7ekilmesi, Kosova\u2019da uluslararas\u0131 bir sivil varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulundurulmas\u0131, t\u00fcm m\u00fcltecilere ve yerlerinden edilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6nmesi olmu\u015ftur. (TANG\u00d6R 2008, 129)<\/p>\n
\nBA\u011eIMSIZLIK S\u00dcREC\u0130<\/p>\n
\n2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Rugova\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ikinci cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatmir Seydiu olmu\u015f, ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa ise Agim \u00c7eku gelmi\u015ftir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde BM \u00f6zel temsilcisi Martti Ahtisaari\u2019nin Kosova i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Stat\u00fc \u00d6nerisi\u2019 raporu Pri\u015ftina ve Belgrad y\u00f6netimine iletilmi\u015ftir. Raporda belirtilen siyasi ve ekonomik temel at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve yerel kurumlar olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Kosova\u2019n\u0131n kendi kendisini y\u00f6netebilece\u011fi gibi tan\u0131mlamalar konulmu\u015ftur. (YAVUZ 2008, 11)<\/p>\n
\n\u2013 Kosova\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k verildi\u011fi anda eski Sovyet \u00fclkelerinin \u2018G\u00fcrcistan-Abhazya, G\u00fcrcistan-Osetya ve Moldova-Pridjenstroves\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki donmu\u015f olan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tekrar ba\u015flayabilece\u011fi ihtimalidir.
\n\u2013 Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn bu balkanlarda mevcut s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecektir. Burada B\u00fcy\u00fck Arnavutluk, B\u00fcy\u00fck Kosova gibi yeni olu\u015fumlar olabilme ihtimalidir.
\n\u2013 Kosova ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rus kamuoyunu olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyecektir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rus halk\u0131 her zaman S\u0131rplar\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\n\u2013 Uluslar aras\u0131 toplumun (ba\u015fta AB ve ABD olmak \u00fczere) Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kararl\u0131 olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nO halde zarardan kar sa\u011flama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle gerek AB ve ABD gerekse BM ve NATO \u00f6rg\u00fctlerle pazarl\u0131k politikas\u0131 takip ediyor olabilirler. AB\u2019nin S\u0131rbistan\u2019a kesin bir \u00fcyelik tarihi vermesi belki de t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131n bir anda ortadan kaybolmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Yani S\u0131rbistan Kosova sorununu kullanarak AB\u2019ne giri\u015f i\u00e7in elinde bir koz bulundurmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu sorunun bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in AB\u2019nin ve ABD\u2019nin de istekli oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.
\nGerek Yugoslavya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekse NATO operasyonu d\u00f6neminde S\u0131rbistan\u2019\u0131n toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131nda yana olan T\u00fcrkiye, geli\u015fen jeopolitik ortam nedeniyle Kosova\u2019y\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131n akabinde b\u00f6lge devletleri Arnavutluk, Makedonya ile birlikte ilk tan\u0131yan \u00fclkelerden biri olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Arnavutlar ile tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dini ba\u011flar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan konuya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclkede Kosova\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sempati ile bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. (Y\u00dcR\u00dcR 2008, 29)<\/p>\n