{"id":7808,"date":"2017-04-11T14:46:59","date_gmt":"2017-04-11T12:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/?p=7808"},"modified":"2017-05-24T20:56:00","modified_gmt":"2017-05-24T18:56:00","slug":"kavalali-mehmed-ali-pasa-1769-1849","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/kavalali-mehmed-ali-pasa-1769-1849\/","title":{"rendered":"Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa | 1769 – 1849"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Kavalal\u0131lar H\u00e2ned\u00e2nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu. 1769 y\u0131l\u0131nda Makedonya\u2019da Kavala \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131, Kavala Kalesi bek\u00e7iba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u0130br\u00e2him A\u011fad\u0131r. Kavala\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek, tic\u00e2retle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ist\u00eel\u00e2s\u0131 \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna asker yaz\u0131larak, Rumeli\u2019deki Arnavut askerinin kumandan\u0131 Puyanl\u0131 Hasan Pa\u015fan\u0131n maiyetine girdi. 1799\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a vard\u0131. Frans\u0131zlarla yap\u0131lan muh\u00e2rebelerde ve bilhassa Eb\u00fb Kayr Muh\u00e2rebesinde fevkal\u00e2de ces\u00e2ret g\u00f6sterip, \u015f\u00f6hret kazand\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2s\u0131 ile dikkat \u00e7eken Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali\u2019nin \u00eetib\u00e2r\u0131 devaml\u0131 artt\u0131. Napoleon Bonaparte ve Frans\u0131z ordusu M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan kovulunca, orada kal\u0131p, Arnavut askerlerinin kumandan\u0131 oldu. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki askerleri disiplin alt\u0131na alarak, kontrol etti. B\u00f6ylece M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00e2s\u00e2yi\u015fi temin edince, bu muvaffakiyeti \u0130stanbul\u2019a arz edildi. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da kuvvetli bir id\u00e2renin, ancak muktedir bir \u015fahsiyet olan Mehmed Ali taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kestiren Sultan \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Selim Han (1789-1807), onu vezir p\u00e2yesiyle M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2lili\u011fine t\u00e2yin etti (8 Temmuz 1805).<\/p>\n

Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00e2s\u00e2yi\u015fi ve emniyeti temin edip, \u00e2s\u00eeleri ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130skenderiye civ\u00e2r\u0131na asker \u00e7\u0131karan \u0130ngilizleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131(1808). \u0130br\u00e2him ve \u0130sm\u00e2il pa\u015falar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile h\u00e2kimiyetini, Sai, Nevbe ve Sudan\u2019a do\u011fru geni\u015fletti. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirmeye ve \u00eem\u00e2r\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, F\u00fcn\u00fbn-\u0131 Harbiye, T\u0131bbiye ile di\u011fer l\u00fczumlu okullar\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131. Terc\u00fcme komisyonlar\u0131 v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla yeni bilgilerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Avrupa\u2019dan getirtti\u011fi \u00f6\u011fretmenler v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla meslek ve sanat elemanlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirdi. Gayret ve te\u015fvikleriyle k\u0131sa zamanda, zir\u00e2at ve sanayi geli\u015ftirilerek, at\u00f6lye ve fabrikalar kuruldu. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r ve Nil V\u00e2disi elveri\u015fli duruma getirilerek; pirin\u00e7, pamuk, \u015fekerkam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hub\u00fbbat\u0131n \u00fcretimi artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada; Sultan \u0130kinci Mahm\u00fbd Han (1808-1839) devrinde Necd taraflar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan M\u00fcseyleme-i Kezz\u00e2b neslinden olan Vehh\u00e2b\u00eeler, Arab Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu zaptedip, ah\u00e2liye zul\u00fcm yap\u0131p, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee m\u00fcesseseleri tahrip ettiler. Vehh\u00e2b\u00eeler, Hicaz\u2019\u0131 tehdit etmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, B\u00e2b\u0131\u00e2l\u00ee\u2019nin emriyle b\u00f6lgeye asker sevk eden Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa, Arabistan\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcb\u00e2rek \u015fehirlerinin Vehh\u00e2b\u00ee sap\u0131klar\u0131ndan temizlenmesine \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi. \u0130sy\u00e2n\u0131n eleba\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yakalayarak \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Hac yolunu emniyet alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine o\u011flu \u0130br\u00e2him Pa\u015faya vezirlik r\u00fctbesiyle Hic\u00e2z um\u00fbm\u00ee v\u00e2lili\u011fi verildi. Mora\u2019daki Rum \u0130sy\u00e2n\u0131nda o\u011flu \u0130br\u00e2him Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda yard\u0131m g\u00f6nderen Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n donanmas\u0131, Frans\u0131z, \u0130ngiliz, Rus gemilerinden meydana gelen filo taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu olay \u00fczerine Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa, geri kalan donanmas\u0131n\u0131 padi\u015faha haber vermeden geri \u00e7ekti. 1828-29 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131na da devlet\u00e7e istendi\u011fi halde yard\u0131m g\u00f6ndermedi. Bu olaylar p\u00e2di\u015fah ile M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2lisinin aras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130ngilizler de bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in gayret sarf etti. Bilhassa Mustafa Re\u015fid Pa\u015fay\u0131 kullanarak Osmanl\u0131 Devletini M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a m\u00fcdahale etmek \u00fczere k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131lar. Yap\u0131lan m\u00fcc\u00e2delede d\u00fczenli ve disiplinli kuvvetlere s\u00e2hip M\u0131s\u0131r ordusu, K\u00fctahya\u2019ya kadar ilerledi. Bu olaylar \u00fczerine Sultan Abd\u00fclmec\u00eed Han (1839-1861) devrinde 1841\u2019de yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma ile M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2lili\u011fi Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015faya ve nesline verildi. 1845\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek, Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 Abd\u00fclmec\u00eed Hana ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 arz edip, iyi kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1847\u2019de iyice ihtiyarlayan ve akl\u00ee durumu bozulan Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n yerine o\u011flu \u0130br\u00e2him Pa\u015fa, M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2li vekilli\u011fine t\u00e2yin edildi. 1849\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da vef\u00e2t eden Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n K\u00e2hire\u2019de m\u00fckemmel bir t\u00fcrbesi vard\u0131r. Yerine torunu Abb\u00e2s Hilmi Pa\u015fa, M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2lisi oldu. Kavalal\u0131 Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fan\u0131n kurdu\u011fu h\u00e2ned\u00e2nl\u0131k, 1953 t\u00e2rihine kadar dev\u00e2m etti (Bkz. Kavalal\u0131lar<\/p>\n

Kavalal\u0131lar (Kavalal\u0131 Hanedan\u0131)<\/p>\n

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa hanedan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ailenin atas\u0131 \u0130brahim A\u011fa, aslen Arnavut olup, Osmanl\u0131lar devrinde Edirne\u2019ye gelmi\u015f ve Makedonya\u2019da Kavala \u015fehri kalesine bek\u00e7iba\u015f\u0131 tayin edilmi\u015fti. Kavala\u2019ya yerle\u015fen \u0130brahim A\u011fan\u0131n karde\u015fi Tosun A\u011fa, \u015fehrin m\u00fctesellimi, onun o\u011flu Ali Tosun Pa\u015fa da, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde beylerbeyi vazifesindeydi. Kavalal\u0131lar\u0131n en me\u015fhur \u015fahsiyeti, Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r. Kendisini, Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Selim Han (1789-1807) vezirlik r\u00fctbesiyle M\u0131s\u0131r valisi tayin etmi\u015f, o da bil\u00e2hare Kavalal\u0131lar Hanedan\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kavalal\u0131lar Hanedan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7enler, \u0130smail Pa\u015fa (1868-1879) devrinde h\u0131div, H\u00fcseyin K\u00e2mil Pa\u015fa (1914-1917) devrinde sultan, Birinci Fu\u00e2d (1917-1936) devrinde melik unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131lar. Kavalal\u0131 ailesinden, Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131yla evlenerek akrabal\u0131k kuranlar oldu\u011fu gibi, devletin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f i\u015flerinde vazife alanlar da vard\u0131. Abbas Hilmi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Damad \u0130brahim, Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid Han\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 M\u00fcn\u00eere Sultanla evlendi. Mehmed Tosun Pa\u015fa, m\u00fc\u015fir r\u00fctbesini haizdi. Melik Fuad Pa\u015fa da, Sultan \u0130kinci Abd\u00fclhamid Han (1876-1909) devrinde binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle Viyana\u2019da asker\u00ee ata\u015felik yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kavalal\u0131lar (1805-1953), Arabistan\u2019daki Vehh\u00e2b\u00eelere, Osmanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldular. Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n isyan\u0131, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eride ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da g\u00fc\u00e7 duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Devletin, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda mal\u00ee bak\u0131mdan \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na girmesine sebep oldular. Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbi (1914-1918) ve sonras\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz himayesi ve 1948 Arap-\u0130srail Harbindeki ma\u011flubiyetleri, Kavalal\u0131lar Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fnutsuzluklar meydana getirdi. 1953\u2019te Kavalal\u0131lar Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na son verilip, cumhuriyet ilan edildi.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

MISIR\u2019A KATKILARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Arnavut k\u00f6kenli M\u0131s\u0131r v\u00e2lisi M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali Pa\u015fa, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1806 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak, \u00fclkeyi id\u00e2re etti\u011fi 42 y\u0131l boyunca M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 \u00e2deta yeniden kurar. \u00dclkenin modernle\u015fmesini ve geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flar. Cadde ve meydanlar\u0131 im\u00e2r eder, yeni semtler kurar ve Avrupa \u00fcniversitelerinde okumalar\u0131 i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 ilk \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerini Avrupa \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n

Kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ve Qahire Kalesi\u2019nin ( Citadel ) i\u00e7inde yer alan M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali C\u00e2mi\u00ee, ba\u015fkent Qahire\u2019nin en muhte\u015fem eserlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. C\u00e2mi\u00eenin 1824\u2019te ba\u015flanan yap\u0131m\u0131, M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali Pa\u015fa ( Mehmed Ali Pa\u015fa )\u2019n\u0131n vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan ( 1849 ) ancak sekiz y\u0131l sonra, o\u011flu S\u00e2\u00eed Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan bitirilebilmi\u015ftir ( 1857 ).<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 mim\u00e2r\u00eesiyle ve mim\u00e2r Yusuf Bo\u015fnak taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019daki Sultanahmed C\u00e2mi\u00ee ( Mavi C\u00e2mi\u00ee ) \u00f6rnek al\u0131narak in\u015f\u00e2 edilen M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali C\u00e2mi\u00ee\u2019nin kur\u015funkalem min\u00e2releri, 82 m uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. C\u00e2mi\u00eenin i\u00e7i 52 x 54 m geni\u015fli\u011findedir. \u0130\u00e7erideki saat kulesi, Fransa kral\u0131 Louis Philippe\u2019in M. Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019ya hediyesidir.<\/p>\n

Qahire Kalesi\u2019nin iki kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r: Bab\u2019el- \u00c2zab ( Azap Kap\u0131s\u0131 ) ve Bab\u2019el- Ced\u00eed ( Yeni Kap\u0131 ). Kalenin i\u00e7inde iki c\u00e2mi\u00ee vard\u0131r: M\u00fbh\u00e2mmed Ali C\u00e2mi\u00ee ve Nas\u0131r C\u00e2mi\u00ee. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Yusuf \u00c7e\u015fmeleri, Nas\u0131r Saray\u0131, Westan\u00ee Kap\u0131s\u0131, Guhara Saray\u0131 ve M\u00fczesi, Mukattem Kulesi, M\u00e2hkeme Salonu, kalenin i\u00e7indeki di\u011fer eserlerdir.<\/p>\n

Kavalal\u0131lar Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa (1805-1848)
\n\u0130brahim Pa\u015fa (1848- (?)
\nBirinci Abbas Hilmi Pa\u015fa (1848-1854)
\nSaid Pa\u015fa (1854-1863)
\nH\u0131div \u0130smail Pa\u015fa (1863-1879)
\nH\u0131div Tevfik Pa\u015fa (1879-1892)
\n\u0130kinci Abbas Hilmi Pa\u015fa (1892-1914)
\nH\u00fcseyin Kamil Pa\u015fa (1914-1917)
\nMelik Birinci Fuad Pa\u015fa (1917-1936)
\nMehmed F\u00e2ruk (1936-1952)
\n\u0130kinci Fuad (1952-1953)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Kavalal\u0131lar H\u00e2ned\u00e2nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu. 1769 y\u0131l\u0131nda Makedonya\u2019da Kavala \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131, Kavala Kalesi bek\u00e7iba\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u0130br\u00e2him A\u011fad\u0131r. Kavala\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek, tic\u00e2retle u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131. Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ist\u00eel\u00e2s\u0131 \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna asker yaz\u0131larak, Rumeli\u2019deki Arnavut askerinin kumandan\u0131 Puyanl\u0131 Hasan Pa\u015fan\u0131n maiyetine girdi. 1799\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a vard\u0131. Frans\u0131zlarla yap\u0131lan muh\u00e2rebelerde ve bilhassa Eb\u00fb Kayr Muh\u00e2rebesinde fevkal\u00e2de ces\u00e2ret g\u00f6sterip, \u015f\u00f6hret kazand\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2s\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[1098,1050,1141,396,897],"class_list":["post-7808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur","tag-acta-diurna","tag-arnavut","tag-mehmed-ali-pasa","tag-misir","tag-osmanli"],"views":541,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7808"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7808\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7811,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7808\/revisions\/7811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prizrenpost.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}